Jet engine air intake system

An axisymmetric air intake system for a jet aircraft engine comprising a fixed cowl extending outwardly from the face of the engine, a centerbody coaxially disposed within the cowl, and an actuator for axially displacing the centerbody within the cowl was developed. The cowl and centerbody define a main airflow passageway therebetween, the configuration of which is changed by displacement of the centerbody. The centerbody includes a forwardly-located closeable air inlet which communicates with a centerbody auxiliary airflow passageway to provide auxiliary airflow to the engine. In one embodiment, a system for opening and closing the centerbody air inlet is provided by a dual-member centerbody, the forward member of which may be displaced axially with respect to the aft member

Aircraft engine nozzle

A variable area exit nozzle arrangement for an aircraft engine was a substantially reduced length and weight which comprises a number of longitudinally movable radial vanes and a number of fixed radial vanes. The movable radial vanes are alternately disposed with respect to the fixed radial vanes. A means is provided for displacing the movable vanes along the longitudinal axis of the engine relative to the fixed radial vanes which extend across the main exhaust flow of the engine

The Metallicities of Stars With and Without Transiting Planets

Host star metallicities have been used to infer observational constraints on planet formation throughout the history of the exoplanet field. The giant planet metallicity correlation has now been widely accepted, but questions remain as to whether the metallicity correlation extends to the small terrestrial-sized planets. Here, we report metallicities for a sample of 518 stars in the Kepler field that have no detected transiting planets and compare their metallicity distribution to a sample of stars that hosts small planets (Rp < 1.7 R_Earth). Importantly, both samples have been analyzed in a homogeneous manner using the same set of tools (Stellar Parameters Classification tool; SPC). We find the average metallicity of the sample of stars without detected transiting planets to be [m/H]_SNTP,dwarf = -0.02 +- 0.02 dex and the sample of stars hosting small planets to be [m/H]_STP = -0.02 +- 0.02 dex. The average metallicities of the two samples are indistinguishable within the uncertainties, and the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test yields a p-value of 0.68 (0.41 sigma), indicating a failure to reject the null hypothesis that the two samples are drawn from the same parent population. We conclude that the homogeneous analysis of the data presented here support the hypothesis that stars hosting small planets have a metallicity similar to stars with no known transiting planets in the same area of the sky.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

A NASTRAN model of a large flexible swing-wing bomber. Volume 3: NASTRAN model development-wing structure

The NASTRAN model plan for the wing structure was expanded in detail to generate the NASTRAN model for this substructure. The grid point coordinates were coded for each element. The material properties and sizing data for each element were specified. The wing substructure model was thoroughly checked out for continuity, connectivity, and constraints. This substructure was processed for structural influence coefficients (SIC) point loadings and the deflections were compared to those computed for the aircraft detail model. Finally, a demonstration and validation processing of this substructure was accomplished using the NASTRAN finite element program. The bulk data deck, stiffness matrices, and SIC output data were delivered

A NASTRAN model of a large flexible swing-wing bomber. Volume 5: NASTRAN model development-fairing structure

The NASTRAN model plan for the fairing structure was expanded in detail to generate the NASTRAN model of this substructure. The grid point coordinates, element definitions, material properties, and sizing data for each element were specified. The fairing model was thoroughly checked out for continuity, connectivity, and constraints. The substructure was processed for structural influence coefficients (SIC) point loadings to determine the deflection characteristics of the fairing model. Finally, a demonstration and validation processing of this substructure was accomplished using the NASTRAN finite element program. The bulk data deck, stiffness matrices, and SIC output data were delivered

The history of a habit: jogging as a palliative to sedentariness in 1960s America

This article provides an account of the emergence of jogging as mass physical fitness practice in America in the 1960s. It explores how jogging was configured as a physical fitness activity suitable for sedentary middle-aged men and women. Jogging developed as a counter to the ill-effects of habits entrained by the increasingly sedentary lifestyles of modern industrialized urban and suburban dwellers. The paper traces the development of jogging as a defined exercise routine at the University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon. Focusing on the moment when jogging is ‘invented’ as a recognizable fitness practice tells a great deal about the origin of contemporary regimes of physical fitness for the middle-aged population and how they have evolved. It also points to the significance of understanding how the shaping of corporeal habits play into the making of (1) individual bodies, (2) common practices of corporeal care and activity, and (3) environments of physical activity

Cycling and how to study it: Looking at the New Zealand case

Cycling has the potential to play a key role in developing environmentally and socially sustainable cities and neighbourhoods in New Zealand. Realising this potential requires understanding how different groups within New Zealand society relate to existing patterns of cycling, and how they might respond to the introduction of a range of new cycling oriented infrastructures. Commenting on articles from the special issue “New research on cycling in New Zealand,” this article argues that human geographers and other social scientists have much to offer policy makers and planners in understanding how a transition to more people oriented, sustainable, urban mobility systems might be fostered

Diagramming the social: exploring the legacy of Torsten Hägerstrand's diagrammatic landscapes

Torsten Hägerstrand’s work was influential to the emergence of human geography as a theoretically sophisticated social science. Focusing on the materiality of everyday life, and the complex ecological webs through which human society is made, his writings offered an original set of tools to think about the how and where of communal life. Nonetheless, in much of the North American and British academy, Hägerstrand’s work has been relegated to a disciplinary footnote; a writer whose work has been overtaken by more recent developments in social theory. This article re-evaluates the contemporary relevance of Hägerstrand’s thought. Drawing on examples, it explores how the social time-space diagramming developed by Hägerstrand might be productively reinterpreted and reconfigured. Rather than thinking of Hägerstrand’s work as being made redundant by subsequent theoretical advances, this paper demonstrates how his work still offers social scientists useful tools to describe the worlds they study